ZIF-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Materials: Structural Features, Synthetic Strategies, and Applications in Water Treatment

This review systematically summarizes preparation strategies for ZIF-derived hierarchical porous carbons (ZIF-HPC), including direct carbonization, hard templating, and soft templating. It highlights ZIF-HPC’s advantages for aquatic pollutant remediation—nitrogen-rich precursors, high specific surface area, and abundant surface active sites—and covers applications in adsorptive removal, advanced oxidation catalysis, capacitive deionization, and solar-driven water evaporation .